A small business uses a specialized software service that charges a flat monthly maintenance fee of ${}4$ dollars, regardless of the number of users ($x$). This relationship is represented by the equation $y = 4$. When graphing this cost by plotting points, which set of ordered pairs correctly reflects that the $y$-coordinate must remain constant at ${}4$?

A quality control inspector is charting a machine's output pressure, which must remain steady at 4 units. This constant pressure is modeled by the equation $y = 4$. When creating a table of values to graph this equation by plotting points, the inspector must only generate ordered pairs where the $y$-coordinate is 4, regardless of the $x$-coordinate.

An office manager is graphing a fixed monthly service fee of 4 dollars per employee, which is modeled by the equation $y = 4$. Arrange the following steps in the correct order to graph this relationship using the point-plotting method.

Graphing Constant Coolant Flow Rates

An inventory specialist is creating a chart to track a warehouse's fixed daily safety stock requirement of 4 pallets of a specific item, regardless of the day of the week ($x$). This constant requirement is modeled by the equation $y = 4$. Because the $y$-value does not depend on $x$, plotting ordered pairs like (1, 4), (3, 4), and (5, 4) and connecting them on a coordinate plane will always produce a ____ line.

Instructional Guide for Graphing Flat-Rate Logistics Cost