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The International Classification of Diseases (ICD), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a major classification system for diseases that is recognized globally. Originating in Europe after World War II, the ICD has undergone multiple revisions, similar to the DSM. While it is used for clinical diagnosis and shares similarities with the DSM in its categories and criteria for psychological disorders, it also serves broader public health functions. These include monitoring the overall health of populations and tracking the international prevalence of various diseases and health issues.

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) share many similarities in their approach to psychological disorders. Both systems use comparable categories for classifying disorders and often have similar diagnostic criteria. However, despite these parallels, some differences between the two manuals exist.

Comparison of DSM and ICD

There is an ongoing effort to increase the consistency between the two primary diagnostic classification systems. The development of the upcoming 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is being coordinated with the recent changes in the DSM-5 to harmonize the two systems as much as possible.

Harmonization of DSM and ICD

WHO began when the Constitution came into force on April 7, 1948 – a date which is now celebrated every year as World Health Day. More than 7000 people from more than 150 countries are working in 150 country offices, in 6 regional offices, and at the headquarters in Geneva. WHO works worldwide to promote health, keep the world safe, and serve the vulnerable. Its goal is to ensure that a billion more people have universal health coverage, to protect a billion more people from health emergencies, and provide a further billion people with better health and well-being.

World Health Organization (WHO)

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) assigns a unique alphanumeric code of up to six characters to every type of disease, medical condition, viral infection, and cause of death. These codes are utilized in conjunction with other healthcare coding systems, such as Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS), to classify patient conditions for medical treatment and insurance billing purposes.

ICD Codes

At the time described, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) was in its 10th edition (ICD-10), with a new edition (ICD-11) then under development.

ICD-10

A global health organization is tasked with tracking the incidence of a new respiratory virus across multiple countries in Asia, Europe, and South America. To ensure that data collected from different national healthcare systems is consistent and comparable for this public health purpose, which of the following classification systems would be the most appropriate tool?

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