Regarding the study's first hypothesis about age differences for students:

- there is a statistically significant difference in study habits for students of different age groups
- older students (ages 16-19) demonstrated on the survey better study habits than younger students (ages 12-15)

Age Differences in Study Habits

Regarding the study's second hypothesis about gender differences for students:

- there is a statistically significant difference in study habits for male and female students: female students have demonstrated (through a higher mean score) that on average, they have better study habits compared to male students
- aspects of studying include: time management, listening, taking notes, reading comprehension, and being able to focus

Gender Differences in Study Habits

The results of the 2012 paper on Nigerian students showed that older and female students had better study habits when surveyed. The results of the article have led to some ideas that it discusses about intervention:

- proactive counseling should take place on an earlier age in order to cement better study habits for the future
- male students and female students who show poor study habits should go through group counseling to find support among fellow students and proactive individual counseling with school counselors
- strategies such as setting performance and mastery goals to have the students improve while giving an intrinsic motivation for students to continue studying better 

Age and Gender Differences in Study Habits- Discussion

When taking into account the variables for a study into how students of different demographics demonstrate a gap in educational outcomes, one idea to consider is the interaction between demographic variables. In this article and others, there seemed to be no interaction effect in study habit differences for students of different ages and gender. Perhaps more in-depth research is necessary in comparing students of different genders, by taking into account other variables such as socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and so on, and seeing if there are effects when two or more variables interact. 

Interaction Effect for Gender and Other Variables

This 2012 paper describes a research study conducted for 289 Nigerian secondary school students who had their study habits examined through a survey in order to determine if the age and/or gender of the student had any effect on the study habits of the student. 

University of California, Berkeley

Many studies based on different metrics have found that females generally have better study habits than males

Females generally have better study habits than males

Ossai, M. C. (2012). Age and Gender Differences in Study Habits: A Framework for Proactive Counselling Against Low Academic Achievement. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2(3), 67. Retrieved from https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/jesr/article/view/11864

Age and Gender Differences in Study Habits: A Framework for Proactive Counselling Against Low Academic Achievement

The article mentioned in the previous node "Study habits of secondary school students in relation to their socio-economic status and gender" describes a research study in which 224 secondary school students in India were given surveys to ascertain their study habits and socioeconomic status (SES). The idea was to find out what relationship there was between study habits and gender as well as SES and to see if there was an interaction effect for gender and SES with regards to study habits. 

Differences in Study Habits for Gender and SES

Parental income has slightly stronger association for girls than boys. 
 Boys in the last three income quartiles are less  likely to attend university than boys in the first quartile of income. However, girls in the l last two quartile still enjoy advantage over girls in the bottom income quartile

Differences in Parental incomes and Study Habits

this study found that females had better study habits than their male counterparts and thus higher academic achievement. this was based on the idea that females are able to manage their time more and are less prone to going out on the weekends/during their free time and instead focus on their schoolwork.

Learn Before

Related

Learn After