Accommodation encompasses a variety of coping strategies aiming at adjusting, adapting, and managing emotional responses to challenging situations without directly altering the external circumstances causing the stress.

Loneliness Coping Strategy: Accommodation 

- Accommodation
- Support-seeking
- Social Isolation
- Self-reliance
- Problem-solving
- Helplessness
- Escape
- Opposition
- Submission

New York University

Coping refers to the conscious, deliberate, and purposeful regulation of emotions, especially in situations perceived as threatening or stressful.

Coping

Vasileiou, K., Barnett, J., Barreto, M., Vines, J., Atkinson, M., Long, K., ... & Wilson, M. (2019). Coping with loneliness at university: A qualitative interview study with students in the UK. Mental Health & Prevention, 13, 21-30.

Coping with Loneliness at University: A Qualitative Interview Study with Students in the UK (Vasileiou et al., 2019)

- Meaning-making coping model
- Emotion-focused coping
- Problem-focused coping 
- Transactional model of stress and coping 
- Dual process model of loss 


Coping Models/Strategies

- Preventive Coping: coping with events far in the future such as age related milestones or expected functional losses
- Proactive Coping: coping that focuses on reducing the impact of events likely to occur - they are temporally removed from the stressor
- Anticipatory Coping: problem solving based methods that happen farther along the chain of coping when an event is imminent 
- Post - Impact Coping: can either be short term or long term; problem focused coping to resolve immediate impacts and cognitive coping to equip an individual for residual effects 

Temporal Aspects of Coping 

Coping flexibility is an individual's ability to cope in different ways, and change their method of coping (E.g. Reframing), towards various stimuli.

Coping Flexibility 

Maladaptive coping includes attack self, attack other, withdrawal, and avoidance. Adaptive coping focuses on restoring relationships. 

Coping with Shame

- Having a negative, past-oriented approach to coping can cause a person to be stuck 
- A positive, future-oriented approach gives an individual hope and shows them there are opportunities in the future that will improve their quality of life
- This positive approach has been linked to increased psychosocial outcomes in psychological and social QOL, perceived well-being, life satisfaction, and negatively linked to depression and anxiety

Coping and Adversity

Researchers have agreed that there are unhealthy and healthy ways of managing stress.

Ways of Coping with Stress

Ultimately, it is the individual's response to the high risk situation that affects whether or not they will relapse. For example, a person who uses effective coping skills, such as leaving the situation or positive self talk, is less likely to relapse than someone who does not use effective coping skills. A person who has coped successfully with a high-risk situation will experience a greater sense of self-efficacy, thereby decreasing their chance of relapse in the future.

Coping Skills and Relapse

- Seeking Connection
- Avoidance
- Support-seeking
- Cognitive Strategies
- Meaning-focused
- Distraction

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