Verbalizers are good at reasoning with words. These are people that are usually drawn to the humanities. 

Verbalizer Cognitive Style

People that are good at analyzing the components of an image. This is like being capable of analyzing technical diagrams or blueprints.

Spatial Visualizer Cognitive Style

People that are good at evaluating overall properties of images. These are people that usually do well in the visual arts. 

Object Visualizer Cognitive Style

- verbalizers
- spatial visualizers
- object visualizers

San Jose State University

The characteristic way an individual engages in cognitive tasks such as perceiving, thinking, remembering, and problem-solving.

Cognitive Style

Aggarwal, I., & Woolley, A. (2013). Two perspectives on intellectual capital and innovation in teams: Collective intelligence and cognitive diversity. In Driving the economy through innovation and entrepreneurship (pp. 453-460). Springer, India. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0746-7_37

Two perspectives on intellectual capital and innovation in teams: Collective intelligence and cognitive diversity

Malone, Thomas W. 2018. Superminds: The Surprising Power of People and Computers Thinking Together. Little, Brown Spark.

https://cci.mit.edu/superminds-by-thomas-w-malone/

Superminds: The Surprising Power of People and Computers Thinking Together

Groups with an intermediate level of cognitive style diversity had more collective intelligence than those with a lot or very little diversity. This could be because groups with too much diversity could not effectively communicate and groups with too little did not have an adequate range of skills to perform better. 

Correlation Between Cognitive Style Diversity and Collective Intelligence

- Static vs. Dynamic
- Positivist vs. Negativist
- Evolution vs. Involution

3 Dimensions of Cognitive Style

1. Denial
2. Discounting
3. Differentiation 
4. Dialectical Thinking

4 Forms of Cognitive Style in Processing Contradictions

• Overgeneralizing

• Using selective abstraction

• Taking excessive responsibility

• Assuming temporal causality

• Making excessive self-references

• Catastrophizing

• Engaging in dichotomous thinking 


Types of Cognitive Distortions

Diversity of "cognitive style" refers to the psychological dimensions of each individual in the group for information acquisition and processing are different from one another. 

Cognitive Style Diversity

References for Types of Cognitive Distortions 

Explanatory style refers to an individual's habitual way of explaining the bad events that happen to them. People with a more pessimistic explanatory style tend to blame themselves and expect long-term negative consequences that affect many aspects of their lives. In contrast, those with a more optimistic explanatory style tend to blame outside forces and expect limited negative consequences.

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