New Mexico:
Indigenous mortality rate is 8 times as high as White mortality rate

Arizona:
Indigenous mortality rate is 5 times the rate as all other racial groups

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- As of May 19, 2020, the COVID-19 mortality rate for Black Americans is 2.4 times as high as for White Americans and 2.2 times as high for Asian and Latino Americans. 

Disparities in COVID-19 by Race

https://www.apmresearchlab.org/covid/deaths-by-race

The color of coronavirus: COVID-19 deaths by race and ethnicity in the U.S. 

- Black Americans: 54.6 deaths per 100,000
- Latino Americans: 24.9 deaths per 100,000
- Asian Americans: 24.3 deaths per 100,000
- White Americans: 22.7 deaths per 100,000


Aggregated deaths from COVID-19 in 40 states and the District of Columbia 

New and emerging evidence suggests black Americans are disproportionately at risk for contracting COVID-19, in addition to experiencing higher mortality rates than other demographics; however, much of data reported to CDC are missing race/ethnicity disaggregated information. This study evaluates data from 3,142 U.S. counties to assess COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates between counties with higher and lower proportions of black residents (≥13% or <13%). 

The authors found higher rates of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among the disproportionately black communities as well as higher rates of comorbidities.

Assessing Differential Impacts of COVID-19 on Black Communities

Shelter-in-place prevention efforts are less effective in preventing/controlling COVID-19 transmission in African American/black and Latino populations, possibly because these populations are more likely to 1) experience homelessness or to reside in areas of substandard air quality 2) be employed in service/ transportation positions 3) live in crowded urban areas and 4) have high rates of underlying conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, asthma, HIV, morbid obesity, liver disease, and kidney disease.

Decreased Effectiveness of COVID-19 Prevention Efforts in African American/Black and Latino Populations

- Covid-19 clinical trials underrepresented racial minority groups as data from remdesivir trials have shown limited support for the safety and efficacy of the drug on racial minorities. 
- In the Adaptive Covid-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT-1) and Gilead-funded study, Black Americans accounted for only about 20% of the 1063 and 11% of the 396 patients respectively, despite the disproportionately high number of Covid-19 related mortalities where these trials were conducted. 
- Demographics of the clinical trials failed to reflect the demographics of Covid-19 morbidities and mortalities.
- This research concluded that the lack of diversity in these trials may suggest that results are not generalizable to minority populations due to the disparities in health outcomes.


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