In Experiment 2 of Mayer and Sims (1994) investigating dual-coding theory, the methodology involved 97 college students with low prior knowledge of human anatomy. The students were divided into three groups: concurrent, successive, and control. Participants were taught how the human respiratory system works using a computer. The concurrent group received three presentations of a 45-second animation coordinated with narration. The successive group received three presentations of narration followed by animation. The control group received no instruction. Participants were then given two minutes per problem to write answers to problem-solving transfer questions.

Methods of Experiment 2 on Dual-Coding Theory

In Experiment 2 of Mayer and Sims (1994) investigating dual-coding theory, researchers analyzed the effects of presentation mode on problem-solving transfer based on students' spatial abilities. High-spatial ability students who received a concurrent presentation of animation and narration generated approximately 50% more creative solutions on transfer problems than high-spatial ability students who received a successive presentation or no instruction. In contrast, low-spatial ability students who received a concurrent presentation generated approximately the same number of creative solutions on transfer problems as low-spatial ability students who received a successive presentation.

Results of Experiment 2 on Dual-Coding Theory

University of California, Berkeley

Concurrent presentation of verbal and visual descriptions of a system increases the likelihood that students will be able to build connections between their mental representations of visually and verbally presented explanations

Mayer, R. E., &amp; Sims, V. K. (1994). For whom is a picture worth a thousand words? extensions of a dual-coding theory of multimedia learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(3), 389–401. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.86.3.389 retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/614350734?parentSessionId=RcOYX1ec6RbRMBZ%2B5tlzRPszWTBzwNLUhcAQoAo4umM%3D&pq-origsite=primo&accountid=14496#s11

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