A manager at a factory observes that workers assembling a product are using inconsistent and inefficient methods, resulting in low output. One worker might reach far to the left for a part, while another keeps the same part on their right, and a third has to stand up to get it. To solve this, the manager decides to study every motion involved, time each element, and determine the single most efficient sequence of movements. The manager then re-designs all workstations and trains all employees to