Instruction services for students and faculty focus mainly on information literacy skills development, known as Information Literacy Instruction (ILI). 

Instruction Services in Academic Libraries

Here are four instructional models to assist users/students in their information search process (ISP). Kuhlthau identified three approaches. 

- The Source Approach
- The Pathfinder Approach
- The Process Models Approach
- Sheingold's Inquiry Model 

Modes of Information Literacy Instruction for ISP

- how to identify an information need
- how to find sources
- how to evaluate sources
- how to use the source
- how to synthesize the source
- how to abtract/summarize content

Information Literacy Instruction Topics in Libraries

The student completes the following objectives: 

1. Determines the information need
2. Finds a variety of types of information 
3. Identifies pros and cons of the information, and gages the accuracy critically
4. Uses the information to complete their information need
5. Uses the information ethically when considering societal factors 

Objectives for Information Literacy Instruction 

- instructional videos
- written tutorials
- in-person sessions


Modes of Information Literacy Instruction (ILI) in Academic Libraries

Instruction librarians teach users information literacy skills to process information efficiently and effectively.

San Jose State University

Information literacy refers to an individual's ability to identify an information need, then find, access, recover, evaluate, organize, and use the information 
To be information literate, one needs to have critical thinking, comprehension, and abstraction skills. 

Information Literacy 

Types of instruction include:
- information literacy 
- bibliographic 
- professional development
- subject-based

Types of Teaching and Instruction in Libraries

Thomas, N. P., Crow, S. R., & Franklin, L. L. (2011).  Information literacy and information skills instruction: applying research to practice in the 21st-century school library. Libraries Unlimited. 

Information Literacy and Information Skills Instruction

American Library Association. (February 9, 2015). Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework 

Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education

Assessing the value of a source by analyzing the authority, content, credibility, purpose, helpfulness, accuracy, etc. 

Evaluating Information

Employing various information environments (databases, libraries, internet), and utilizing the structure, tools, and keywords to search for sources that fill your information need.

Finding information

Instruction designed to teach information literacy skills to any given group of information users.

Information Literacy Instruction

- prospect: being able to find information 
- interpret: understand and create new information from the information 
- create new ideas: evolve new points of view

Information Literacy Competencies

- Misinformation              
- Information Avoidance                                                
- Information Overload                             
- Plagiarism


Obstacles to Information Literacy

When it comes to the term illiteracy, the general consensus is to define it as a lack of the ability to read or inability to understand information. Information illiteracy is different from those definitions in that it is referencing areas of knowledge that a person might not be versed in. 

Information Illiteracy

Instruction that covers certain subjects like cooking, yoga, coding, etc. Includes all programming for lifelong learners, hobbyists, citizen scientists, etc. 

Subject-Based Instruction In Libraries

Instruction that teaches users how to bolster their professional skills and presence. For example, a basic business computer skills class or a resume building workshop.

Professional Development Instruction in Libraries

Instruction focused on how to use the library collections and services. Also known as library instruction. 

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