The 'no unobserved single-cause confounders' assumption specifies two requirements for the unobserved confounder $$U$$. Requirement 1 ensures that $$U$$ has $$\textit{only}$$ multiple causes, and requirement 2 ensures that $$U$$ contains all multiple-cause confounders.

Requirements of the 'No Unobserved Single-Cause Confounders' Assumption

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

1. Assumption 1 : No unobserved single-cause confounders
2. Assumption 2 : The 'substitute' confounder

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