- The research evidence suggests that chronic exposure to noise affects cognitive functions involving central processing and language comprehension.

- Noise-exposed children have difficulties in concentrating in comparison with children from quieter school.

- Children exposed to chronic environmental noise have been found to have poorer auditory discrimination, speech perception,  poor reading ability and poorer memory requiring high processing demands.  

Cognition

In the Los Angeles Airport Study, chronic exposure to aircraft noise was found to be associated with raised systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Cardiovascular effects

In the cross-sectional study at the old airport, endocrine levels were significantly higher in the noise-exposed children, indicating raised stress levels. 

Endocrine disturbance

In London, child-adapted, standard self-report questions48,80 were used to assess annoyance and showed higher annoyance levels in noise-exposed children.

Noise annoyance

  In the Los Angeles Airport Study, children exposed to chronic aircraft noise were less likely to solve a difficult puzzle involving a success or failure experience and were more likely to give up. 

Motivation of Children Following Exposure to Chronic Aircraft Noise

Exposure to typical ambient noise levels (e.g., from highways, railways, and roads) is correlated with multiple negative mental health indices in school children, including anxiety, depression, and poorer classroom behavior. This correlation between mental health and ambient noise is particularly pronounced in children with early biological risks.

Relationship Between Ambient Noise and Children's Mental Health

Children are still developing both physically and cognitively, there is a possible risk that exposure to noise may have irreversible negative consequences for them

- Cognition

- Motivation

- Cardiovascular effects

- Endocrine disturbance

- Noise annoyance

Syracuse University

Non-auditory effects of noise on health: 

- Noise and sleep disturbance

- Noise exposure and performance

- Noise and cardiovascular disease

- Endocrine responses to noise

- Noise and psychiatric disorder

- Combined effects of noise exposure and other stressors

- Noise and non-auditory health effects in children

Noise pollution: non-auditory effects on health

Stansfeld, S. A., &amp; Matheson, M. P. (2003). Noise pollution: Non-auditory effects on health. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1), 243–257. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldg033 

Reference- Noise pollution: non-auditory effects on health

- Noise exposure during sleep may increase blood pressure, heart rate and finger pulse amplitude as well as body movements. 

- Perceived sleep quality, mood and performance in terms of reaction time all decreased following sleep disturbed by road traffic noise. 

- Studies on noise abatement show that, by reducing indoor noise level, the amount of REM sleep and slow wave sleep can be increased

Noise and sleep disturbance

- Performance may be impaired if speech is played while a subject reads and remembers verbal material, although this effect is not found with non-speech noise.

- Noise exposure may also slow rehearsal in memory, influence processes of selectivity in memory, and choice of strategies for carrying out tasks.

-  There is also evidence that noise may reduce helping behavior, increase aggression and reduce the processing of social cues seen as irrelevant to task performance.

Noise exposure and performance

It focuses three main aspects: 

- Physiological responses to noise exposure

- Occupational studies: noise and high blood pressure

- Noise and cardiovascular disease in the community

Noise and cardiovascular disease

- The general pattern of endocrine responses to noise is indicative of noise as a stressor, exciting short-term physiological responses.

- Exposure to high intensity noise in industry has been linked in some studies to raised levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline. 

- Some studies have shown raised cortisol in relation to noise. 


Endocrine responses to noise

Mental ill-health also increases annoyance. 

Noise and psychiatric disorder

Noise effects on health may be augmented by, or in turn may augment, the impact of other stressors on health. Stressors may act synergistically, antagonistically or not at all.

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