In Phase 2 (plan creation) of the study, researchers obtained 32 Wikipedia articles. A group of crowd workers read the articles and left comments for \$1.50, generating 768 comments. A second group of crowd workers was then assigned to make plans for these comments under either an unstructured planning or a vocabulary-based planning condition. The vocabulary group received training on vocabulary functions and created sample plans, while the unstructured group only saw example plans. After completing a training questionnaire, workers in the vocabulary group used the provided list to create plans for 12 comments, whereas the unstructured group created step-by-step plans. Finally, workers completed a questionnaire regarding the planning task.

Phase 2: Plan Creation (Online Study)

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Five key measures are used to evaluate the effectiveness of action plans in writing tasks:

* **Time:** The duration required to create plans with and without a vocabulary.
* **Effort:** Assessed using the NASA-Task Load Index questionnaire to ask questions about task demands.
* **Granularity:** The number of steps generated per plan.
* **Atomicity:** The number of steps that can be completed with little cognitive effort and need for context.
* **Sourcing potential:** The number of steps that can be crowd-sourced or self-sourced.

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