Based on multiple studies there is a negative correlation between procrastination and the grades. 

San Diego State University

1. Desirable Difficulties
2. Self-Determination Theory
3. Gameful Design
4. Prior Work on Practice Tools
5. Procrastination

Related Work (A Spaced, Interleaved Retrieval Practice Tool that is Motivating and Effective)

**Spaced practice** involves studying over a period of time, such as several weeks. Compared to massed practice, which shows better short-term results, spaced practice yields better long-term results. **Interleaving** occurs when multiple topics are mixed to improve student learning, whereas blocking focuses on a single topic. **Retrieval practice** requires the learner to recall information from memory to answer a question, such as using flashcards, as opposed to passively rereading the material.

Desirable Difficulties (A Spaced, Interleaved Retrieval Practice Tool that is Motivating and Effective)

There were several practice tools created, some of those are :

1. Codelab
2. Epplets
3. Problem Roulette 

"SystemsIntelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) provide personalized practice."  They give feedback if student solved the task or while is in the solving phase. They have been used for teaching programming languages, but their main limitation is that they can't be used with spaced and interleaved practice.

Prior Work on Practice Tools (A Spaced, Interleaved Retrieval Practice Tool that is Motivating and Effective)



Self-Determination Theory distinguishes between intrinsic motivation, which is driven by internal enjoyment and satisfaction, and extrinsic motivation, which is driven by external factors. When applied to the evaluated spaced, interleaved retrieval practice tool, granting students the autonomy to choose when, how, and where to use the tool helps support their intrinsic motivation.

Self-Determination Theory (A Spaced, Interleaved Retrieval Practice Tool that is Motivating and Effective)

**Gameful design** modifies a learning environment to support intrinsic motivation. In the described spaced, interleaved retrieval practice tool, it aims to give students a greater sense of control and encourage them to spend more time studying.

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