Cleveland Clinic Staff. (2022, August 9). Dyspraxia (developmental coordination disorder: DCD). Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved January 15, 2026, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23963-dyspraxia-developmental-coordination-disorder-dcd

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603724/

Castellucci, G., & Singla, R. (2024). Developmental Coordination Disorder (Dyspraxia). In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603724/

Appalachian State University

A motor disorder is a condition that begins in early childhood and impacts the ability to control and execute physical movements. This is typically not due to muscle weakness but atypical development of the brain and nervous system.

Common types of motor disorders include: Tic disorders, developmental coordination disorder, and stereotypic movement disorder.

Neurodevelopmental Motor Disorder

References for Neurodevelopment Motor Disorders

References for Tic Disorders

A tic is a rapid, recurrent motor movement or vocalization. The most commonly known tic disorder is Tourette syndrome, but persistent motor or vocal tic disorder and provisional tic disorder are other types of neurodevelopmental tic disorders.

All types of tic disorders begin before age 18, although they may wax and wane in intensity, leading to classification of simple or complex. However, tics typically improve throughout adulthood, but can be affected by environmental or internal factors.

Tic Disorders

Dyspraxia, or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which children experience poor motor coordination and have difficulty learning motor skills. Movements may be slow or inaccurate in these patients.

Dyspraxia can also manifest in adults, mainly due to brain damage. This is often referred to as acquired dyspraxia.

Dyspraxia

Eirís-Puñal, J. (2014). Motor disorders in neurodevelopmental disorders: Tics and stereotypies (Trastornos motores en los trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Tics y estereotipias). Revista Neurología, 58(Suppl. 1), S77–S82. Retrieved January 15, 2026, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25252672/

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