Moriguchi, Y. (2021). Relationship between cool and hot executive function in young children: A near‐infrared spectroscopy study. Developmental Science, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13165 

Oakland University

Executive functioning occurs as a cognitive process that creates and allows for a person to exhibit every behavior and develop a mental plan to tackle new situations or environments.

Executive Functioning

Zelazo, P. D., Muller, U., Frye, D., &amp; Marcovitch, S. (2003). The development of executive function in early childhood (Vol. 68). Blackwell. 

The development of executive function in early childhood

Hoskyn, M., Iarocci, G., &amp; Young, A. R. (2017). Executive functions in children's Everyday lives: A handbook for professionals in Applied Psychology. Oxford University Press.

Executive functions in children's Everyday lives: A handbook for professionals in Applied Psychology

The domains of executive functioning (specifically in children) include:
- working memory
- planning
- set shifting
- response inhibition/inhibitory control

The Domains of Executive Functioning

According to Zelazo and Carlson, executive functioning can be further defined and separated into two categories: hot and cool executive functions. Hot executive functioning involves the thought processes associated with affective conditions, such as; delay of gratification and decision making. Cool executive functioning involves cognitive tasks that work constantly in everyday circumstances. For example, one cool executive function is working memory. 

"Hot" and "Cool" Executive Functions

How exercising post-concussion may offer harm reduction to symptoms involving executive functioning.

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