1. Participation Levels
     - Majority of the participants only contributed a small amount (88.56% contributed to 1-9 tweets)
      - Celebrities were "super-spreaders" they didn't create only retweeted

Albion College

Researchers believe that the Sleeping Giants Movement (SG) is one of the only online movements that has successfully made a real-life change. SG targeted companies whose ads were on Breitbart and other far-right websites. SG also commented on policies of the Trump administration. 

Sleeping Giants Movement: Digitally Native Activism 

Mobilizing Structures are online mechanisms that are used to support the social movement. Enables participation, coordination of work, and leadership roles.

1. Participation Levels
   - Online participation is easier and cheaper
2. Contentious Activity
   - How individuals contribute to the movement
   - Watchdog activity
   - Reporting 
3. Organizational Issues
   - Leadership: Whose in charge
          - who creates tasks
   - Anonymity
   - Easier for outsiders/targets to watch/comment on activity

Mobilizing Structures: Digitally Native Activism

Li Y, Bernard J-G, Luczak-Roesch M. Beyond Clicktivism: What Makes Digitally Native Activism Effective? An Exploration of the Sleeping Giants Movement. Social Media + Society. July 2021. doi:10.1177/20563051211035357

Beyond Clicktivism: What Makes Digitally Native Activism Effective? An Exploration of the Sleeping Giants Movement

Researchers focused on Twitter as that was the main platform driving the activism. The actions recorded and observed were tweets, retweets, mentions of the main account or topic, replies, and amount of people flowing to the main account.

Sleeping Giants Data: Digitally Native Activism 

The external events that were seen to be catalysts of the movement are
    - Spread of disinformation, hate, and lies on social media (Breitbart)
    - Mass shootings perpetrated by white supremacists 
    -  Policies by the Trump administration specifically the separation of children and 
       parents 

Sleeping Giants: Opportunity Structures in Digitally Native Activism 

2. Contentious Activity
    - Individuals would watch the target site and report/share back the ads they saw

Sleeping Giants: Contentious Activity (Mobilizing Structures) in Digitally Native Activism

3. Organizational Issues
    - Leadership being anonymous was a reduced risk for leadership but caused feelings of uncertain regarding trust 
    - Once leadership was outed scrutiny and harassment from the far-right started, but more trust and attention from others
   - Used main account Twitter handle to organize and group tweets
   - Important tweets were pinned 
   - Google sheets with detailed instructions were shared 

Sleeping Giants: Organizational Issues (Mobilizing Structures) in Digitally Native Activism

 There are seven broad themes of Framing Tasks: 

1. advertisers
2. platforms
3. conservatism
4. separation policy
5. mainstream media
6. political donations
7. endorsement

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