The effects of social support on loneliness will be more profound for more disciplined employees.

Tulane University

Having other individuals to communicate with and provide support when needed.

Social Support

Sadness resulting from the lack of opportunity to socialize with colleagues, friends, or romantic partners.

Loneliness

The extent to which an individual is able to regulate their behaviors in order to efficiently complete a task.

Self-discipline

Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2020). Achieving effective remote working during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A work design perspective. Applied Psychology, 70(1), 16–59. 	https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12290 

Achieving Effective Remote Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Work Design Perspective

Employees who receive more social support will experience less procrastination, work-home interference, and loneliness.

Social Support and Remote Work Challenges

When social support is high, procrastination decreases in less-disciplined individuals. These two factors are unrelated when self-discipline is high.

Social Support and Procrastination via Self-Discipline

Higher job autonomy is linked to lower levels of loneliness.

Job Autonomy and Loneliness

- Emotional loneliness
- Social loneliness

Subtypes of Loneliness

References for Loneliness

- Unattractiveness
- Others' behaviors
- Social circumstances
- Psychological states
- Beliefs/Luck

Perceived Causes of Loneliness: 5 Clusters

1. Internal vs. external
2. Stable vs. unstable
3. Controllable vs. uncontrollable
4. Global vs. Specific 
5. Intentional vs. Unintentional

5 Dimensions of Perceived Loneliness Causes

Coping refers to the conscious, deliberate, and purposeful regulation of emotions, especially in situations perceived as threatening or stressful.

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